Devanagari
विशोको ब्रह्मसम्पत्त्या सञ्छिन्नद्वैतसंशय: ।
लीनप्रकृतिनैर्गुण्यादलिङ्गत्वादसम्भव: ॥ ३१ ॥
Verse text
viśoko brahma-sampattyā
saṣchinna-dvaita-saṁśayaḥ
līna-prakṛti-nairguṇyād
aliṅgatvād asambhavaḥ
Synonyms
viśokaḥ
—
free from bereavement
;
brahma
—
sampattyā — by possession of spiritual assets
;
saṣchinna
—
being completely cut off
;
dvaita
—
saṁśayaḥ — from the doubts of relativity
;
līna
—
merged in
;
prakṛti
—
material nature
;
nairguṇyāt
—
due to being in transcendence
;
aliṅgatvāt
—
because of being devoid of a material body
;
asambhavaḥ
—
free from birth and death .
Translation
Because of his possessing spiritual assets, the doubts of duality were completely cut off. Thus he was freed from the three modes of material nature and placed in transcendence. There was no longer any chance of his becoming entangled in birth and death, for he was freed from material form.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
By the wealth of friendship with Kṛṣṇa he destroyed his lamentation. He vanquished all doubts about separation from the Lord. Since he was beyond the guṇas by his nature though difficult to perceive, and therefore was without a subtle body, he had no birth in the material world.
Purport
Doubts of duality begin from the misconception of the material body, which is accepted as the self by less intelligent persons. The most foolish part of our ignorance is our identifying this material body with the self. Everything in relation with the body is ignorantly accepted as our own. Doubts due to misconceptions of “myself” and “mine” — in other words, “my body,” “my relatives,” “my property,” “my wife,” “my children,” “my wealth,” “my country,” “my community” and hundreds and thousands of similar illusory contemplations — cause bewilderment for the conditioned soul. By assimilating the instructions of the
Bhagavad-gītā,
one is sure to be released from such bewilderment because real knowledge is knowledge that the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Vāsudeva, Lord Kṛṣṇa, is everything, including one’s self. Everything is a manifestation of His potency as part and parcel. The potency and the potent are nondifferent, so the conception of duality is at once mitigated by attainment of perfect knowledge. As soon as Arjuna took up the instructions of the
Bhagavad-gītā,
expert as he was, he could at once eradicate the material conception of Lord Kṛṣṇa, his eternal friend. He could realize that the Lord was still present before him by His instruction, by His form, by His pastimes, by His qualities and everything else related to Him. He could realize that Lord Kṛṣṇa, his friend, was still present before him by His transcendental presence in different nondual energies, and there was no question of attainment of the association of the Lord by another change of body under the influence of time and space. By attainment of absolute knowledge, one can be in association with the Lord constantly, even in this present life, simply by hearing, chanting, thinking of and worshiping the Supreme Lord. One can see Him, one can feel His presence even in this present life, simply by understanding the
advaya-jṣāna
Lord, or the Absolute Lord, through the process of devotional service, which begins with hearing about Him. Lord Caitanya says that simply by chanting the holy name of the Lord one can at once wash off the dust on the mirror of pure consciousness, and as soon as the dust is removed, one is at once freed from all material conditions. To become free from material conditions means to liberate the soul. As soon as one is, therefore, situated in absolute knowledge, his material conception of life is removed, or he emerges from a false conception of life. Thus the function of the pure soul is revived in spiritual realization. This practical realization of the living being is made possible due to his becoming free from the reaction of the three modes of material nature, namely goodness, passion and ignorance. By the grace of the Lord, a pure devotee is at once raised to the place of the Absolute, and there is no chance of the devotee’s becoming materially entangled again in conditioned life. One is not able to feel the presence of the Lord in all circumstances until one is endowed with the required transcendental vision made possible by devotional service prescribed in the revealed scriptures. Arjuna had attained this stage long before on the Battlefield of Kurukṣetra, and when he apparently felt the absence of the Lord, he at once took shelter of the instructions of the
Bhagavad-gītā,
and thus again he was placed in his original position. This is the position of
viśoka,
or the stage of being freed from all grief and anxieties.
Commentary (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
In the Gītā it is said:
man-manā bhava mad-bhakto mad-yājī māṁ namaskuru |
mām evaiṣyasi satyaṁ te pratijāne priyo ’si me ||
Being my devotee, offer your mind to me. Offer articles to me in worship.. Offer respects to me. I promise that you will come to me without doubt, for you are most dear to me. BG 18.65
In that verse Kṛṣṇa said “You will come to me without doubt.” This was indicated in the future. “O Arjuna! At the right time you will come to me. But out of affection I today speak to you the method when you will try to attain me because of great separation in the future.”
“I have constantly practiced the process of meditation that you taught to attain you. By that meditation I think of myself as the ātmā next to the body. But still, my body is an obstacle, because the body gradually makes me think of external objects, and throws me into the ocean of lamentation. Therefore I have decided that I will cultivate what is known as yoga previously practiced which is like the weapon of knowledge recommend in all scriptures to separate the soul from this body. Though I am a spiritual entity, not inquiring whether I am an eternal associate of Kṛṣṇa or a friend of Nārāyaṇa, I understand that I am a material human with uncontrolled prema. I have come to the perfection of yoga (yogārūḍha) for a second only to cover that condition.” That is explained in this verse.
By attainment of the wealth of brahman, lamentation vanishes. This is a statement of Sūta, according to his understanding. Actually, giving up the wealth of the material world, one becomes free of lamentation by attaining dear friendship with Kṛṣṇa in his manifested and unmanifested pastimes (brahma-sampattyā). One should completely cut the doubt of duality. One has the doubt “Do I have a relationship with the body or not?” Arjuna’s doubt is as follows. “Actually, though there is a difference between Kṛṣṇa and me, the doubt is that previously because of mutual friendship, there was oneness between us, but now there is separation (dvaita). Will Kṛṣṇa again bring me to the oneness of happy friendship?”
Or the meaning can be: he cuts the contemplative doubt “He will drown me in the ocean of suffering by separation (dvaita)?”
Nor should there be fear of further material existence for even the person born in the material world. Because of merging prakṛti into the substance without quality, he has no rebirth. The meaning is clear. However, actually, there is no rebirth because he does not have a subtle body (aliṅgatvāt) since he is beyond the guṇas (nairgunyāt), being Kṛṣṇa’s friend by his very nature (prakṛti) which is difficult to perceive (līna).
Or there is another meaning. Arjuna as an aṁśa of Indra was a jīvan-mukta (who had a material body but gave it up). Thus he was without lamentation. He was free of lamentation and illusion arising from investigating the material world (saṣchinna- dvaita-saṁśayaḥ). This is because he was beyond the guṇas, having merged prakṛti into the guṇas. With the disappearance of the subtle body he would not take birth again.