SB 1.9.28 · Srimad-Bhagavatam

Devanagari

धर्मार्थकाममोक्षांश्च सहोपायान् यथा मुने । नानाख्यानेतिहासेषु वर्णयामास तत्त्ववित् ॥ २८ ॥

Verse text

dharmārtha-kāma-mokṣāṁś ca sahopāyān yathā mune nānākhyānetihāseṣu varṇayām āsa tattvavit

Synonyms

dharma — occupational duties ; artha — economic development ; kāma — fulfillment of desires ; mokṣān — ultimate salvation ; ca — and ; saha — along with ; upāyān — means ; yathā — as it is ; mune — O sage ; nānā — various ; ākhyāna — by recitation of historical narrations ; itihāseṣu — in the histories ; varṇayām āsa — described ; tattva — vit — one who knows the truth .

Translation

Then he described the occupational duties of different orders and statuses of life, citing instances from history, for he was himself well acquainted with the truth.

Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)

O Śaunaka! Bhīṣma, knower of truth, accurately described dharma, artha, kāma and mokṣa along with their methods, using various stories and histories as proof.

Purport

Incidents mentioned in the Vedic literatures such as the Purāṇas, Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa are factual historical narrations that took place sometime in the past, although not in any chronological order. Such historical facts, being instructive for ordinary men, were assorted without chronological reference. Besides that, they happen on different planets, nay, in different universes, and thus the description of the narrations is sometimes measured by three dimensions. We are simply concerned with the instructive lessons of such incidents, even though they are not in order by our limited range of understanding. Bhīṣmadeva described such narrations before Mahārāja Yudhiṣṭhira in reply to his different questions.

Commentary (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)

All the dharmas described can be placed ultimately in four categories of artha, dharma, kāma and mokṣa. He mentions these categories in order to strengthen what has been said. Upāyān means the means of attaining dharma, artha, kāma and mokṣa. Yathā means “accurately.” He proved what he said by showing instances in the histories.