Devanagari
नम: कृष्णाय रामाय वसुदेवसुताय च ।
प्रद्युम्नायानिरुद्धाय सात्वतां पतये नम: ॥ ४५ ॥
Verse text
namaḥ kṛṣṇāya rāmāya
vasudeva-sutāya ca
pradyumnāyāniruddhāya
sātvatāṁ pataye namaḥ
Synonyms
namaḥ
—
obeisances
;
kṛṣṇāya
—
to Lord Kṛṣṇa
;
rāmāya
—
to Lord Rāma
;
vasudeva
—
sutāya — the son of Vasudeva
;
ca
—
and
;
pradyumnāya
—
to Lord Pradyumna
;
aniruddhāya
—
to Lord Aniruddha
;
sātvatām
—
of the devotees
;
pataye
—
to the Lord
;
namaḥ
—
obeisances .
Translation
We offer our obeisances to Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Rāma, the sons of Vasudeva, and to Lord Pradyumna and Lord Aniruddha. We offer our respectful obeisances unto the master of all the saintly devotees of Viṣṇu.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
We offer our obeisances to Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Rāma, the sons of Vasudeva, and to Lord Pradyumna and Lord Aniruddha. We offer our respectful obeisances unto the master of all the saintly devotees of Viṣṇu.
KB 10.16.45
“Our dear Lord, You are the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, and You are also the supreme enjoyer. You have now appeared as the son of Vasudeva, who is a manifestation of the state of pure goodness. You are the predominating Deities of mind and intelligence, Aniruddha and Pradyumna, and You are the Lord of all Vaiṣṇavas. By Your expansion as the catur-vyūha—namely Vāsudeva, Saṅkarṣaṇa, Aniruddha and Pradyumna—You are the cause of the development of mind and intelligence.
Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
In this verse they pay respects to all the forms mentioned in the scriptures, and particularly Krsna’s four forms possessing lordship: vasudeva, sankarsana, pradyumna and aniruddha. Krsna and rama here represent Vasudeva and sankarsana. The word ca here indicates the son of Nanda. "We offer respects to all these forms, to the son of vasudeva (vasudeva suta) and Nanda’s son as well (ca). We offer respects to Krsna, the protector of Vasudeva and others in the Satvata dynasty (satvanam pati)."
Purport (Jiva Goswami)
They offer respects, expressing that one Kṛṣṇa, Svayam Bhagavān, has four types. You are the one Lord of many worshippers (sātvatām pataye). The word pati indicates only one person, otherwise it becomes meaningless. Lakṣmī says in the Fifth Canto:
sa vai patiḥ syād akutobhayaḥ svayaṁ
samantataḥ pāti bhayāturaṁ janam
sa eka evetarathā mitho bhayaṁ
naivātmalābhād adhi manyate param
Since the Lord by nature has no fear, he protects all persons. He alone should be the husband. Otherwise there is mutual fear. The wise do not accept anything better than attaining you. SB 5.18.20
Kṛṣṇa means the son of Nanda (not the son of Vasudeva):
kṣaṇvatāṁ phalam idaṁ na paraṁ vidāmaḥ
sakhyaḥ paśūn anaviveśayator vayasyaiḥ
vaktraṁ vrajeśa-sutayor anaveṇu-juṣṭaṁ
yair vā nipītam anurakta-kaṭākṣa-mokṣam
O friends, those eyes that see the beautiful faces of the sons of Mahārāja Nanda are certainly fortunate. As these two sons enter the forest, surrounded by their friends, driving the cows before them, they hold their flutes to their mouths and glance lovingly upon the residents of Vṛndāvana. SB 10.21.7
By mentioned all the names the wives of Kāliya indicate that Kṛṣṇa includes the whole caturvyūha as his assistants: Balarāma, Vāsudeva, Aniruddha and Pradyumna. By mentioning Kṛṣṇa separately, the wives of Kāliya also reject that he is the son of Vasudeva. Mentioning Rāma, they indicate Saṅkarṣaṇa. They also indicate all the Yādavas by mentioning Pradyumna and Aniruddha, and indicate the Pāṇḍavas (son of Yama, etc.) and Rāmacandra (son of Daśaratha), by mention of the son of Vasudeva. They are all eternal beings:
prāpya mathurāṁ purīṁ ramyām sadā brahmādi-sevitām
ṣaṅkha-cakra-gadāśārṅga-rakṣitāṁ mūsalādibhiḥ
yatrāsau saṁsthitaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ tribhiḥ śaktyā samāhitaḥ
rāmāniruddha-pradyumnyai rukmiṇyā sahito bivhūḥ
In Mathurā served by Brahmā, the conch, cakra, club, bow and pestle, Kṛṣṇa resides with his three śaktis- Balarāma, Aniruddha, Pradyumna, and Rukmiṇī. Gopāla-tāpanī Upaniṣad
rājadhānī tataḥ sābhūt sarva-yādava-bhūbhujām
mathurā bhagavān yatra nityaṁ sannihito hariḥ
Since that time, the city of Mathurā had been the capital of all the kings of the Yadu dynasty. The city and district of Mathurā are very intimately connected with Kṛṣṇa, for Kṛṣṇa lives there eternally. SB 10.1.28
Vasudeva-sūta also refers to the son of Nanda as indicated by the word ca for it was said:
prāg ayaṁ vasudevasya kvacij jātas tavātmajaḥ
vāsudeva iti śrīmān abhijñāḥ sampracakṣate
This beautiful son of yours somewhere appeared previously as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore, those who are learned sometimes call this child Vāsudeva. SB 10.8.14
Concerning Balarāma, he was also Nanda’s son:
bhrātar mama sutaḥ kaccin mātrā saha bhavad-vraje
tātaṁ bhavantaṁ manvāno bhavadbhyām upalālitaḥ
My son Baladeva, being raised by you and your wife, considers you his father and mother. Is he living very peacefully in your home with his real mother, Rohiṇī? SB 10.5.27
Also quoted above was the verse “O friends, those eyes that see the beautiful faces of the sons of Mahārāja Nanda are certainly fortunate.” (SB 10.21.7)
Purport (Sanatana Goswami)
They offer respects, expressing that one Kṛṣṇa, Svayam Bhagavān, has four types. You are the one Lord of many worshippers (sātvatām pataye). The word pati indicates only one person, otherwise it becomes meaningless. Lakṣmī says in the Fifth Canto:
sa vai patiḥ syād akutobhayaḥ svayaṁ
samantataḥ pāti bhayāturaṁ janam
sa eka evetarathā mitho bhayaṁ
naivātmalābhād adhi manyate param
Since the Lord by nature has no fear, he protects all persons. He alone should be the husband. Otherwise there is mutual fear. The wise do not accept anything better than attaining you. SB 5.18.20
Or sātvatām pataye means “Unto the lord of the Vṛṣṇis.” This verse shows non difference of the four persons who appeared in the Yadu dynasty. Kṛṣṇāya means unto the son of Vāsudeva. Vasudeva-sutāya refers to Balarāma (rāmāya), who was taken from Devakī’s womb.