Devanagari
बहवो हिंसिता भ्रात: शिशव: पावकोपमा: ।
त्वया दैवनिसृष्टेन पुत्रिकैका प्रदीयताम् ॥ ५ ॥
Verse text
bahavo hiṁsitā bhrātaḥ
śiśavaḥ pāvakopamāḥ
tvayā daiva-nisṛṣṭena
putrikaikā pradīyatām
Synonyms
bahavaḥ
—
many
;
hiṁsitāḥ
—
killed out of envy
;
bhrātaḥ
—
my dear brother
;
śiśavaḥ
—
small children
;
pāvaka
—
upamāḥ — all of them equal to fire in brightness and beauty
;
tvayā
—
by you
;
daiva
—
nisṛṣṭena — as spoken by destiny
;
putrikā
—
daughter
;
ekā
—
one
;
pradīyatām
—
give me as your gift .
Translation
My dear brother, by the influence of destiny you have already killed many babies, each of them as bright and beautiful as fire. But kindly spare this daughter. Give her to me as your gift.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
My dear brother, by the influence of destiny you have already killed many babies, each of them as bright and beautiful as fire. But kindly spare this daughter. Give her to me as your gift.
KB 10.4.5-6
My dear brother, you have killed so many of my children who were just born, shining like the sun. That is not your fault. You have been advised by demoniac friends to kill my children. But now I beg you to excuse this girl at least. Let her live as my daughter.”
Purport
Here we see that Devakī first focused Kaṁsa’s attention on his atrocious activities, his killing of her many sons. Then she wanted to compromise with him by saying that whatever he had done was not his fault, but was ordained by destiny. Then she appealed to him to give her the daughter as a gift. Devakī was the daughter of a
kṣatriya
and knew how to play the political game. In politics there are different methods of achieving success: first repression (
dama
), then compromise (
sāma
), and then asking for a gift (
dāna
). Devakī first adopted the policy of repression by directly attacking Kaṁsa for having cruelly, atrociously killed her babies. Then she compromised by saying that this was not his fault, and then she begged for a gift. As we learn from the history of the
Mahābhārata,
or “Greater India,” the wives and daughters of the ruling class, the
kṣatriyas,
knew the political game, but we never find that a woman was given the post of chief executive. This is in accordance with the injunctions of
Manu-saṁhitā,
but unfortunately
Manu-saṁhitā
is now being insulted, and the Āryans, the members of Vedic society, cannot do anything. Such is the nature of Kali-yuga.
Nothing happens unless ordained by destiny.
tasyaiva hetoḥ prayateta kovido
na labhyate yad bhramatām upary adhaḥ
tal labhyate duḥkhavad anyataḥ sukhaṁ
kālena sarvatra gabhīra-raṁhasā
(
Bhāg.
1.5.18
)
Devakī knew very well that because the killing of her many children had been ordained by destiny, Kaṁsa was not to be blamed. There was no need to give good instructions to Kaṁsa.
Upadeśo hi murkhāṇāṁ prakopāya na śāntaye
(Cāṇakya Paṇḍita). If a foolish person is given good instructions, he becomes more and more angry. Moreover, a cruel person is more dangerous than a snake. A snake and a cruel person are both cruel, but a cruel person is more dangerous because although a snake can be charmed by
mantras
or subdued by herbs, a cruel person cannot be subdued by any means. Such was the nature of Kaṁsa.
Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Fearing that Kamsa would be come angry after she criticized him for being so cruel in killing her previous sons, she then said, "It is my fate. What fault is there in you?" She then expressed her pitiful condition, praying that he should not make her arms devoid of the child.
Purport (Jiva Goswami)
She addresses him as a brother to invoke his affection. You killed many children were full of effulgence (pāvakopamāḥ). By this she indicates his merciless nature. Her fear is expressed by saying “inspired by fate.” Spare this one child. She speaks pitifully, while secretly scolding him.
Purport (Sanatana Goswami)
She addresses him as a brother to invoke his affection. “You killed many children who were full of effulgence (pāvakopamāḥ). You were instigated by their destiny. You have no fault.” But actually he was cruel since he killed many children. “You should give me this one daughter. I will not bear another child later.” That is expressed in the next verse with caramām (last child).