Devanagari
सरहस्यं धनुर्वेदं धर्मान् न्यायपथांस्तथा ।
तथा चान्वीक्षिकीं विद्यां राजनीतिं च षड्विधाम् ॥ ३४ ॥
Verse text
sa-rahasyaṁ dhanur-vedaṁ
dharmān nyāya-pathāṁs tathā
tathā cānvīkṣikīṁ vidyāṁ
rāja-nītiṁ ca ṣaḍ-vidhām
Synonyms
sa
—
rahasyam — along with its confidential portion
;
dhanuḥ
—
vedam — the science of military weapons
;
dharmān
—
the doctrines of human law
;
nyāya
—
of logic
;
pathān
—
the methods
;
tathā
—
also
;
tathā ca
—
and similarly
;
ānvīkṣikīm
—
of philosophical debate
;
vidyām
—
the branch of knowledge
;
rāja
—
nītim — political science
;
ca
—
and
;
ṣaṭ
—
vidhām — in six aspects .
Translation
He also taught Them the Dhanur-veda, with its most confidential secrets; the standard books of law; the methods of logical reasoning and philosophical debate; and the sixfold science of politics.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
He also taught Them the Dhanur-veda, with its most confidential secrets; the standard books of law; the methods of logical reasoning and philosophical debate; and the sixfold science of politics.
KB 10.45.34
Because Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma happened to be kṣatriyas, They were specifically trained in military science, politics and ethics. Politics includes such departments of knowledge as how to make peace, how to fight, how to pacify, how to divide and rule and how to give shelter. All these items were fully explained and instructed to Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma.
The ocean is the source of water in a river. The cloud is created by the evaporation of ocean water, and the same water is distributed as rain all over the surface of the earth and then returns to the ocean in rivers. So Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, are the source of all knowledge, but because They were playing like ordinary human boys, They set the example so that everyone would receive knowledge from the right source. Thus They agreed to take knowledge from a spiritual master.
Purport
Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī explains that the confidential portion of the
Dhanur-veda,
military science, includes knowledge of the appropriate
mantras
and presiding deities of warfare.
Dharmān
refers to the
Manu-saṁhitā
and other standard lawbooks (
dharma-śāstras
).
Nyāya-pathān
refers to the doctrine of Karma-mīmāṁsā and other such theories.
Ānvīkṣikīm
is knowledge of the techniques of logical argument (
tarka
). The sixfold political science is quite pragmatic and includes (1)
sandhi,
making peace; (2)
vigraha,
war; (3)
yāna,
marching; (4)
āsana,
sitting tight; (5)
dvaidha,
dividing one’s forces; and (6)
saṁśaya,
seeking the protection of a more powerful ruler.
Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Sandipani taught the dhanur veda along with knowledge of the devatas of different mantras (sa rahasyam), the dharma sastras such as Manu smrti (dharman), mimamsa (nyaya pantha), the science of argument (anviksikim), and politics with six divisions (alliance, isolation, attacking, holding ground, dividing the enemy, taking shelter of the more powerful). (Each sanskrt text has different wording ca vigraha, navigraha etc. so difficult to tell what the divisions are...)
Purport (Jiva Goswami)
O King, those best of persons, Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma, being themselves the original promulgators of all varieties of knowledge, could immediately assimilate each and every subject after hearing it explained just once.
Purport (Sanatana Goswami)
Nyāya and anvīkṣī are listed separately since nyāyā is logic based on scripture. Anvīkṣī is called vidyā or method since material people are attracted to it. The word ca indicates other things as well. The list is in order of important to less important subjects, but all are important in speaking.
Or the word ca means api. They learned not only military arts but dharma, logic etc. Though not necessary they learned to teach the public. By uttering just once they learned completelys, since they were to be worshipped by all devatās (amara-śreṣṭhau instead of nara-vara-śresṭhau) and they were the creators and maintainers of all knowledge.