Devanagari
एतदन्त: समाम्नायो योग: साङ्ख्यं मनीषिणाम् ।
त्यागस्तपो दम: सत्यं समुद्रान्ता इवापगा: ॥ ३३ ॥
Verse text
etad-antaḥ samāmnāyo
yogaḥ sāṅkhyaṁ manīṣiṇām
tyāgas tapo damaḥ satyaṁ
samudrāntā ivāpagāḥ
Synonyms
etat
—
having this
;
antaḥ
—
as its conclusion
;
samāmnāyaḥ
—
the entire Vedic literature
;
yogaḥ
—
the standard system of yoga
;
sāṅkhyam
—
the process of Sāṅkhya meditation, by which one learns to discriminate between spirit and matter
;
manīṣiṇām
—
of the intelligent
;
tyāgaḥ
—
renunciation
;
tapaḥ
—
austerity
;
damaḥ
—
sense control
;
satyam
—
and honesty
;
samudra
—
antāḥ — leading to the ocean
;
iva
—
as
;
āpa
—
gāḥ — rivers .
Translation
According to intelligent authorities, this is the ultimate conclusion of all the Vedas, as well as all practice of yoga, Sāṅkhya, renunciation, austerity, sense control and truthfulness, just as the sea is the ultimate destination of all rivers.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
According to intelligent authorities, this is the ultimate conclusion of all the Vedas, as well as all practice of yoga, Sāṅkhya, renunciation, austerity, sense control and truthfulness, just as the sea is the ultimate destination of all rivers.
KB 10.47.33
These matters are the subject of study for the empiric philosopher or the sāṅkhya-yogī. To come to the right conclusion, sāṅkhya-yogīs undergo severe austerities and penances, practicing control of the senses and renunciation.
All these different ways of determining the ultimate goal of life are compared to rivers, and Kṛṣṇa is compared to the ocean. As the rivers flow down toward the ocean, all attempts for knowledge flow toward Kṛṣṇa. After many, many births of endeavor, when one actually comes to Kṛṣṇa, he attains the perfectional stage. Kṛṣṇa says in the Bhagavad-gītā, kleśo ’dhikataras teṣām avyaktāsakta-cetasām: [Bg. 12.5] “All are pursuing the path of realizing Me, but those who have adopted courses without any bhakti find their endeavor very troublesome.” Kṛṣṇa cannot be understood unless one comes to the point of bhakti.
Three paths are enunciated in the Bhagavad-gītā: karma-yoga, jṣāna-yoga and bhakti-yoga. Those who are too much addicted to fruitive activities are advised to perform actions which will bring them to bhakti. Those who are addicted to the pursuit of empiric philosophy are also advised to act in such a way that they will realize bhakti. Karma-yoga is therefore different from ordinary karma, and jṣāna-yoga is different from ordinary jṣāna. Ultimately, as stated by the Lord in the Bhagavad-gītā, bhaktyā mām abhijānāti: [Bg. 18.55] only through execution of devotional service can one understand Kṛṣṇa. The perfectional stage of devotional service was achieved by the gopīs because they did not care to know anything but Kṛṣṇa. It is confirmed in the Vedas, kasmin nu bhagavo vijṣāte sarvam idaṁ vijṣātaṁ bhavatīti. This means that simply by knowing Kṛṣṇa one automatically acquires all other knowledge.
Purport
Here the Lord states that all Vedic literature is meant ultimately to bring the soul to the point of controlling the mind and senses and fixing them in transcendental self-realization. Thus processes of so-called
yoga,
mysticism or religion that involve unrestricted sense gratification are not actually spiritual processes but rather convenient ways for foolish people to justify their beastly behavior.
Lord Kṛṣṇa here assures the
gopīs
that by fixing their minds in self-realization, they will realize their spiritual oneness with the Lord. Thus they will no longer suffer the pangs of separation.
Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
"All the methods in all the scriptures have as their purpose control of the mind." That is the import of this verse.
"The final subject of the Vedas is control of the mind. Astanga yoga, the discrimination of soul and non-soul (sankhya), though they have different methods, they all lead to control of the mind, just as all rivers lead to the ocean."
For the gopis the meaning is as follows. "Just as by control of the mind one can pass over the material ocean, so you can pass over the pain of separation from me by mind control. That is because the uncontrolled mind makes you think that association with me, which is actually true, is false."
The meaning of the words is the same in both these interpretations.
Purport (Jiva Goswami)
Control of the mind is the conclusion of all scriptures (āmnāyaḥ), which give knowledge. Yoga (aṣṭāṅga), discriminating matter from spirit (sāṅkhya), taking sannyāsa (tyāga), performing austerities according to scripture, controlling the senses (dama), and truth are the methods mentioned in the scriptures. Truth means avoiding deception and acquisition of wealth in the various processes. Yoga and sāṅkhya are general processes for everyone. Renunciation is for the sannyāsi, austerity is for the vanaprastha, sense control is for the brahmacārī and truth is for the grhastha. Or tyāga means giving in charity, an act for the gṛhastha. Truth means seeing equally, an act for the sannyāsīi. Or, the actions mentioned are the chief actions for everyone. With all these meanings, the conclusion is the same: control the mind.