SB 10.5.4

SB 10.5.4

Devanagari

कालेन स्‍नानशौचाभ्यां संस्कारैस्तपसेज्यया । शुध्यन्ति दानै: सन्तुष्टय‍ा द्रव्याण्यात्मात्मविद्यया ॥ ४ ॥

Verse text

kālena snāna-śaucābhyāṁ saṁskārais tapasejyayā śudhyanti dānaiḥ santuṣṭyā dravyāṇy ātmātma-vidyayā

Synonyms

kālena by due course of time (the land and other material things become purified) ; snāna śaucābhyām — by bathing (the body becomes purified) and by cleansing (unclean things become purified) ; saṁskāraiḥ by purificatory processes (birth becomes purified) ; tapasā by austerity (the senses become purified) ; ijyayā by worship (the brāhmaṇas become purified) ; śudhyanti become purified ; dānaiḥ by charity (wealth becomes purified) ; santuṣṭyā by satisfaction (the mind becomes purified) ; dravyāṇi all material possessions, such as cows, land and gold ; ātmā the soul (becomes purified) ; ātma vidyayā — by self-realization .

Translation

O King, by the passing of time, land and other material possessions are purified; by bathing, the body is purified; and by being cleansed, unclean things are purified. By purificatory ceremonies, birth is purified; by austerity, the senses are purified; and by worship and charity offered to the brāhmaṇas, material possessions are purified. By satisfaction, the mind is purified; and by self-realization, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, the soul is purified.

Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)

O King, by the passing of time, land and other material possessions are purified; by bathing, the body is purified; and by being cleansed, unclean things are purified. By purificatory ceremonies, birth is purified; by austerity, the senses are purified; and by worship and charity offered to the brāhmaṇas, material possessions are purified. By satisfaction, the mind is purified; and by self-realization, or Kṛṣṇa consciousness, the soul is purified. KB 10.5.4 In the material world we possess riches and wealth in many ways, but sometimes not in very honest and pious ways, because that is the nature of accumulating wealth. According to Vedic injunction, therefore, one should purify such wealth by giving cows and gold in charity to the brāhmaṇas. A newborn child is also purified by gifts of grain in charity to the brāhmaṇas. In this material world it is to be understood that we are always living in a contaminated state. We therefore have to purify the duration of our lives, our possession of wealth and our self. We can purify our duration of life by taking daily bath and cleansing the body inside and outside and accepting the ten kinds of purificatory processes. By austerities, by worship of the Lord, and by distribution of charity we can purify the possession of wealth. We can purify our self by studying the Vedas in order to understand the Absolute Truth and achieve self-realization. It is therefore stated in the Vedic literature that by birth everyone is born a śūdra, that by accepting the purificatory process one becomes twice-born, that by studying the Vedas one becomes a vipra, which is the preliminary qualification for becoming a brāhmaṇa, and that when one perfectly understands the Absolute Truth he is called a brāhmaṇa. And when the brāhmaṇa reaches further perfection, he becomes a Vaiṣṇava, or a devotee.

Purport

These are śāstric injunctions concerning how one can purify everything according to Vedic civilization. Unless purified, anything we use will infect us with contamination. In India five thousand years ago, even in the villages such as that of Nanda Mahārāja, people knew know to purify things, and thus they enjoyed even material life without contamination.

Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)

The traditional methods of purification of the new born child are here listed using device of dipika alankara (listing many things to make an idea clear). Articles are purified by time etc. Time purifies roads and ghatas, bath purifies the body, scrubbing purifies limbs touched by contaminating substances, samsakra purifies birth, austerity purifies the senses, sacrifice purifies brahmanas, charity purifies wealth, satisfaction purifies mind , and realization of the Lord purifies the soul.

Purport (Jiva Goswami)

“If Nanda was stunned with bliss why did he not wait some time to do these activities?” He did this because of his prema for his son. The intention of the verse is to show the necessity of purifying the birth. Śrīdhara Svāmī explains the verse. The examples are given to show purification of the birth in a similar manner as the items mentioned in this verse. Sometimes the words yathā and tathā are seen in the verse. A list is given to strengthen the comparison. Or just as items are purified by different methods, the ātmā is purified by ātmā-jñāna or by devotion to the Lord and by no other means. The ātmā is distinguished from the other items in this interpretation. But the whole world is immediately purified by the appearance of Svayam Bhagavān, Parabrahman in human form. Therefore out of the highest prema he performed these ceremonies. This will give the greatest happiness to all others similar to me.

Purport (Sanatana Goswami)

Why did Nanda do the activities immediately? According to the verse, by jāta-karma and charity, birth is purified. Or, by time objects are purified. The ātmā is purified by ātma-vidyā (knowledge of one’s svarūpa) or by devotion to Kṛṣṇa and nothing else. Ātmā is separately mentioned. If the supreme soul comes to the house, what is the use of other purification? Or there is purification by some means at some time. All purification takes place simultaneously by the lord being one’s son. So what use is charity and knowledge?