Devanagari
पुरा रथैर्हेमपरिष्कृतैश्चरन्
मतंगजैर्वा नरदेवसंज्ञित: ।
स एव कालेन दुरत्ययेन ते
कलेवरो विट्कृमिभस्मसंज्ञित: ॥ ५० ॥
Verse text
purā rathair hema-pariṣkṛtaiś caran
mataṁ-gajair vā nara-deva-saṁjṣitaḥ
sa eva kālena duratyayena te
kalevaro viṭ-kṛmi-bhasma-saṁjṣitaḥ
Synonyms
purā
—
previously
;
rathaiḥ
—
in chariots
;
hema
—
with gold
;
pariṣkṛtaiḥ
—
furnished
;
caran
—
riding
;
matam
—
fierce
;
gajaiḥ
—
on elephants
;
vā
—
or
;
nara
—
deva — king
;
saṁjṣitaḥ
—
named
;
saḥ
—
that
;
eva
—
same
;
kālena
—
by time
;
duratyayena
—
unavoidable
;
te
—
Your
;
kalevaraḥ
—
body
;
viṭ
—
as feces
;
kṛmi
—
worms
;
bhasma
—
ashes
;
saṁjṣitaḥ
—
named .
Translation
The body that at first rides high on fierce elephants or chariots adorned with gold and is known by the name “king” is later, by Your invincible power of time, called “feces,” “worms,” or “ashes.”
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
The body that at first rides high on fierce elephants or chariots adorned with gold and is known by the name "king" is later, by Your invincible power of time, called "feces," "worms," or "ashes."
KB 10.51.50
“Due to the action of cruel time, the royal body which was always decorated with golden ornaments during life and which moved on a chariot drawn by beautiful horses or on the back of an elephant nicely decorated with golden ornaments, and which was advertised as the king of human society—that same royal body decomposes under the influence of inevitable time and becomes fit for being eaten by worms and insects or being turned into ashes or the stool of an animal. This beautiful body may be recognized as a royal body while in the living condition, but after death the body of even a king is eaten by an animal and therefore turned into stool or is cremated in a crematorium and turned into ashes or is put into an earthly grave, where different kinds of worms and insects are produced of it.
Purport
In the United States and other materially developed countries, dead bodies are cosmetically disposed of in a tidy ceremonial way, but in many parts of the world old, sickly and injured people die in lonely or neglected places, where dogs and jackals consume their bodies and transform them into stool. And if one is so blessed as to be buried in a coffin, one’s body may very well be consumed by worms and other minuscule creatures. Also, many earthly cadavers are burned and thus transformed into ashes. In any case, death is certain, and the ultimate fate of the body is never sublime. That is the real purport of Mucukunda’s statement here — that the body, though now called “king,” “prince,” “beauty queen,” “upper-middle class” and so on, will eventually be called “stool,” “worms” and “ashes.”
Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī quotes the following Vedic statement:
yoneḥ sahasrāṇi bahūni gatvā
duḥkhena labdhvāpi ca mānuṣatvam
sukhāvahaṁ ye na bhajanti viṣṇuṁ
te vai manuṣyātmani śatru-bhūtāḥ
“After passing through many thousands of species and undergoing great struggle, the conditioned living entities finally obtain the human form. Thus those human beings who still do not worship Lord Viṣṇu, who can bring them real happiness, have certainly become enemies of both themselves and humanity.”
Purport (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
This verse described the body devoured by time. That person who wandered about on a chariot or elephant famous as a king, is devoured by unavoidable death and then takes the disgusting form of stool, worms and ashes.
Purport (Jiva Goswami)
In dying the body will take a ghastly form. This is described with disgust. The body which was moving on a chariot becomes ashes etc. by the force of your (te) time. Using the masculine for kalevaram is poetic license.
Purport (Sanatana Goswami)
In dying the body will take a ghastly form. This is described with disgust. The body which was moving on a chariot becomes ashes etc. by the force of your (te) time. Using the masculine for kalevaram is poetic license. Time cannot be stopped by any means such as sacrifices or yoga (duratyayena) because it is your aṁśa (te).