Devanagari
असत्त्वादात्मनोऽन्येषां भावानां तत्कृता भिदा ।
गतयो हेतवश्चास्य मृषा स्वप्नदृशो यथा ॥ ३१ ॥
Verse text
asattvād ātmano ’nyeṣāṁ
bhāvānāṁ tat-kṛtā bhidā
gatayo hetavaś cāsya
mṛṣā svapna-dṛśo yathā
Synonyms
asattvāt
—
because of lacking factual existence
;
ātmanaḥ
—
from the Supreme Personality of Godhead
;
anyeṣām
—
of others
;
bhāvānām
—
states of existence
;
tat
—
by them
;
kṛtā
—
created
;
bhidā
—
difference or separation
;
gatayaḥ
—
destinations such as going to heaven
;
hetavaḥ
—
fruitive activities, which are the cause of future rewards
;
ca
—
also
;
asya
—
of the living entity
;
mṛṣā
—
false
;
svapna
—
of a dream
;
dṛśaḥ
—
of the seer
;
yathā
—
just as .
Translation
Those states of existence that are conceived of as separate from the Supreme Personality of Godhead have no actual existence, although they create a sense of separation from the Absolute Truth. Just as the seer of a dream imagines many different activities and rewards, similarly, because of the sense of an existence separate from the Lord’s existence, the living entity falsely performs fruitive activities, thinking them to be the cause of future rewards and destinations.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Because of the false condition of persons who identify with the body rather than the ātmā, perception of difference such as varṇāśrama, results like Svarga, and actions to produce them are all false for the jīva. They are like the false objects perceived by the jīva in a dream.
“How can one reject persons whose minds think in terms of variety in the form of varṇāśrama, recommended in the Vedas?” Because of the false condition of those who identify with the body, differences such as varṇāśrama created by bodily identity, results like Svarga (gatayaḥ) and actions (hetavaḥ) arise. These are illusory for the jīva. Though identity with the body, results like Svarga, and actions to produce them actually exist as a result of material energy, the jīva’s relation to them is false. Though a horn exists, because the relation of a horn and rabbit is false, a rabbit’s horn is false. The seer of a dream, the jīva, sees false things in a dream. And actions dreamed such as eating sweet rice, making sweet rice or gathering the rice and milk to make it, are all false.
Purport
Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura comments as follows: “Although Lord Kṛṣṇa in His form of Haṁsa-avatāra has condemned the intelligence that sees duality and separate values within the material world, the
Vedas
themselves institute the system of
varṇāśrama-dharma,
by which the entire human society is divided into different castes, occupations and spiritual statuses. Therefore, how can the Lord recommend that one give up one’s faith in this Vedic system? The answer is given in this verse as follows. The words
anyeṣāṁ bhāvānām,
or ‘of other states of existence,’ refer to the innumerable divisions of false identification with the material body, mind, occupation, and so on. Such identification is illusion, and the material divisions of the
varṇāśrama
system are certainly based on this illusion. The Vedic literatures promise heavenly rewards such as residence in upper planetary systems and prescribe the means to acquire such rewards. However, both the rewards and the means for achieving them are ultimately illusion. Since this world is the Lord’s creation, one cannot deny that its existence is also real; yet the living entity who identifies the creations of this world as belonging to himself is certainly in illusion. The example may be given that horns are real and rabbits are real, but if one imagines a rabbit’s horns, that is certainly illusion, though a rabbit’s horns may occur in a dream. Similarly, the living entity dreams of a permanent relationship within the material world. One may dream that one is feasting on sumptuous sweet rice prepared with milk and sugar, but there is no actual nutritional value in the dream of royal feasting.”
Śrīla Bhaktisiddhānta Sarasvatī Ṭhākura remarks in this regard that just as one soon forgets the experience of a dream after awakening, similarly, a liberated soul in Kṛṣṇa consciousness does not see anything substantial in even the most exalted rewards offered by the
Vedas,
such as promotion to the heavenly planets. Therefore Lord Kṛṣṇa advised Arjuna in
Bhagavad-gītā
to remain fixed in self-realization, without being deviated by fruitive rituals performed in the name of religion.