SB 12.3.10 · Srimad-Bhagavatam

Devanagari

श्रीशुक उवाच पृथु: पुरूरवा गाधिर्नहुषो भरतोऽर्जुन: । मान्धाता सगरो राम: खट्‌वाङ्गो धुन्धुहा रघु: ॥ ९ ॥ तृणबिन्दुर्ययातिश्च शर्याति: शन्तनुर्गय: । भगीरथ: कुवलयाश्व: ककुत्स्थो नैषधो नृग: ॥ १० ॥ हिरण्यकशिपुर्वृत्रो रावणो लोकरावण: । नमुचि: शम्बरो भौमो हिरण्याक्षोऽथ तारक: ॥ ११ ॥ अन्ये च बहवो दैत्या राजानो ये महेश्वरा: । सर्वे सर्वविद: शूरा: सर्वे सर्वजितोऽजिता: ॥ १२ ॥ ममतां मय्यवर्तन्त कृत्वोच्चैर्मर्त्यधर्मिण: । कथावशेषा: कालेन ह्यकृतार्था: कृता विभो ॥ १३ ॥

Verse text

pṛthuḥ purūravā gādhir nahuṣo bharato ’rjunaḥ māndhātā sagaro rāmaḥ khaṭvāṅgo dhundhuhā raghuḥ tṛṇabindur yayātiś ca śaryātiḥ śantanur gayaḥ bhagīrathaḥ kuvalayāśvaḥ kakutstho naiṣadho nṛgaḥ hiraṇyakaśipur vṛtro rāvaṇo loka-rāvaṇaḥ namuciḥ śambaro bhaumo hiraṇyākṣo ’tha tārakaḥ anye ca bahavo daityā rājāno ye maheśvarāḥ sarve sarva-vidaḥ śūrāḥ sarve sarva-jito ’jitāḥ mamatāṁ mayy avartanta kṛtvoccair martya-dharmiṇaḥ kathāvaśeṣāḥ kālena hy akṛtārthāḥ kṛtā vibho

Synonyms

pṛthuḥ purūravāḥ gādhiḥ — Mahārājas Pṛthu, Purūravā and Gādhi ; nahuṣaḥ bharataḥ arjunaḥ — Nahuṣa, Bharata and Kārtavīrya Arjuna ; māndhātā sagaraḥ rāmaḥ — Māndhātā, Sagara and Rāma ; khaṭvāṅgaḥ dhundhuhā raghuḥ — Khaṭvāṅga, Dhundhuhā and Raghu ; tṛṇabinduḥ yayātiḥ ca — Tṛṇabindu and Yayāti ; śaryātiḥ śantanuḥ gayaḥ — Śaryāti, Śantanu and Gaya ; bhagīrathaḥ kuvalayāśvaḥ — Bhagīratha and Kuvalayāśva ; kakutsthaḥ naiṣadhaḥ nṛgaḥ — Kakutstha, Naiṣadha and Nṛga ; hiraṇyakaśipuḥ vṛtraḥ — Hiraṇyakaśipu and Vṛtrāsura ; rāvaṇaḥ — Rāvaṇa ; loka — rāvaṇaḥ — who made the whole world cry ; namuciḥ śambaraḥ bhaumaḥ — Namuci, Śambara and Bhauma ; hiraṇyākṣaḥ — Hiraṇyākṣa ; atha — and ; tārakaḥ — Tāraka ; anye — others ; ca — as well ; bahavaḥ — many ; daityāḥ — demons ; rājānaḥ — kings ; ye — who ; mahā — īśvarāḥ — great controllers ; sarve — all of them ; sarva — vidaḥ — all-knowing ; śūrāḥ — heroes ; sarve — all ; sarva — jitaḥ — all-conquering ; ajitāḥ — unconquerable ; mamatām — possessiveness ; mayi — for me ; avartanta — they lived ; kṛtvā — expressing ; uccaiḥ — to a great degree ; martya — dharmiṇaḥ — subject to the laws of birth and death ; kathā — avaśeṣāḥ — remaining merely as historical narrations ; kālena — by the force of time ; hi — indeed ; akṛta — arthāḥ — incomplete in perfecting their desires ; kṛtāḥ — they have been made ; vibho — O Lord .

Translation

“Such kings as Pṛthu, Purūravā, Gādhi, Nahuṣa, Bharata, Kārtavīrya Arjuna, Māndhātā, Sagara, Rāma, Khaṭvāṅga, Dhundhuhā, Raghu, Tṛṇabindu, Yayāti, Śaryāti, Śantanu, Gaya, Bhagīratha, Kuvalayāśva, Kakutstha, Naiṣadha, Nṛga, Hiraṇyakaśipu, Vṛtra, Rāvaṇa, who made the whole world lament, Namuci, Śambara, Bhauma, Hiraṇyākṣa and Tāraka, as well as many other demons and kings who possessed great powers of control over others, were all full of knowledge, heroic, all-conquering and unconquerable. Nevertheless, O almighty Lord, although they lived their lives intensely trying to possess me, these kings were subject to the passage of time, which reduced them all to mere historical accounts. None of them could permanently establish their rule.”

Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)

Such kings as Pṛthu, Purūravā, Gādhi, Nahuṣa, Bharata, Kārtavīrya Arjuna, Māndhātā, Sagara, Rāma, Khaṭvāṅga, Dhundhuhā, Raghu, Tṛṇabindu, Yayāti, Śaryāti, Śantanu, Gaya, Bhagīratha, Kuvalayāśva, Kakutstha, Naiṣadha, Nṛga, Hiraṇyakaśipu, Vṛtra, Rāvaṇa, who made the whole world lament, Namuci, Śambara, Bhauma, Hiraṇyākṣa and Tāraka, as well as many other demons and kings who were powerful controllers, were full of knowledge, heroic, all-conquering and unconquerable. Nevertheless, O almighty Lord, they lived their lives intensely trying to possess me. They were not unsuccessful, even though they attained their goals fully, for these kings in time have become only historical accounts. Śrīdhara Svāmī says that Rāma mentioned here is not the son of Daśaratha. It is another king. These kings had strong possessive instincts, they were not unsuccessful. They were successful since they attained their desires (kṛtāḥ). They were full in form, qualities, and other features, but even then, they ultimately are only stories in history. What then to speak of modern persons, who are imperfect in attaining wealth and other things? Krta means Satya-yuga and paryāpti according to Amara-koṣa, and paryāpti means fullness.

Purport

According to Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī, and as confirmed by Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, the King Rāma mentioned here is not the incarnation of Godhead Rāmacandra. Pṛthu Mahārāja is understood to be an incarnation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead who completely exhibited the characteristics of an earthly king, claiming proprietorship over the entire earth. A saintly king like Pṛthu Mahārāja, however, controls the earth on behalf of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whereas a demon such as Hiraṇyakaśipu or Rāvaṇa tries to exploit the earth for his personal sense gratification. Nevertheless, both saintly kings and demons must leave the earth. In this way their political supremacy is ultimately neutralized by the force of time. Modern political leaders cannot even temporarily control the entire earth, nor are their opulences and intelligence unlimited. Possessing hopelessly fragmented power, enjoying a minuscule life span, and lacking deep existential intelligence, modern leaders inevitably are symbols of frustration and misdirected ambition.