Devanagari
अहो पृथापि ध्रियतेऽर्भकार्थे
राजर्षिवर्येण विनापि तेन ।
यस्त्वेकवीरोऽधिरथो विजिग्ये
धनुर्द्वितीय: ककुभश्चतस्र: ॥ ४० ॥
Verse text
aho pṛthāpi dhriyate ’rbhakārthe
rājarṣi-varyeṇa vināpi tena
yas tv eka-vīro ’dhiratho vijigye
dhanur dvitīyaḥ kakubhaś catasraḥ
Synonyms
aho
—
O my lord
;
pṛthā
—
Kuntī
;
api
—
also
;
dhriyate
—
bears her life
;
arbhaka
—
arthe — for the sake of fatherless children
;
rājarṣi
—
King Pāṇḍu
;
varyeṇa
—
the best
;
vinā api
—
without him
;
tena
—
him
;
yaḥ
—
one who
;
tu
—
but
;
eka
—
alone
;
vīraḥ
—
the warrior
;
adhirathaḥ
—
commander
;
vijigye
—
could conquer
;
dhanuḥ
—
the bow
;
dvitīyaḥ
—
the second
;
kakubhaḥ
—
directions
;
catasraḥ
—
four .
Translation
O my lord, is Pṛthā still living? She lived only for the sake of her fatherless children; otherwise it was impossible for her to live without King Pāṇḍu, who was the greatest commander and who alone conquered the four directions simply with the help of a second bow.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Oh! How is Kuntī, who maintained her life only for the sake of her young sons in the absence of her husband Pāṇḍu, who without assistance of others, conquered the four directions with the assistance of only his bow?
In stating that Kuntī lived for preservation of her sons, the intention is to ask about her well being. Aho expresses astonishment. “What are you saying?” Without her husband, Pāṇḍu, she lived only to raise her sons. If they had not been present, she would not have maintained her life. Pāṇḍu, without assistance (eka-vīraḥ), and whose bow was the second person assisting him, conquered the four directions.
Purport
A faithful wife cannot live without her lord, the husband, and therefore all widows used to voluntarily embrace the burning fire which consumed the dead husband. This system was very common in India because all the wives were chaste and faithful to their husbands. Later on, with the advent of the Age of Kali, the wives gradually began to be less adherent to their husbands, and the voluntary embrace of the fire by the widows became a thing of the past. Very recently the system was abolished, since the voluntary system had become a forcible social custom.
When Mahārāja Pāṇḍu died, both his wives, namely Kuntī and Mādrī, were prepared to embrace the fire, but Mādrī requested Kuntī to live for the sake of the younger children, the five Pāṇḍavas. This was agreed upon by Kuntī at the added request of Vyāsadeva. In spite of her great bereavement, Kuntī decided to live, not to enjoy life in the absence of her husband, but only to give protection to the children. This incident is referred to here by Vidura because he knew all the facts about his sister-in-law Kuntīdevī. It is understood that Mahārāja Pāṇḍu was a great warrior and that he alone, with the help of bow and arrow, could conquer the world’s four directions. In the absence of such a husband, it was almost impossible for Kuntī to live on even as a widow, but she had to do it for the sake of the five children.