Devanagari
विद्या दानं तप: सत्यं धर्मस्येति पदानि च ।
आश्रमांश्च यथासंख्यमसृजत्सह वृत्तिभि: ॥ ४१ ॥
Verse text
vidyā dānaṁ tapaḥ satyaṁ
dharmasyeti padāni ca
āśramāṁś ca yathā-saṅkhyam
asṛjat saha vṛttibhiḥ
Synonyms
vidyā
—
education
;
dānam
—
charity
;
tapaḥ
—
penance
;
satyam
—
truth
;
dharmasya
—
of religion
;
iti
—
thus
;
padāni
—
four legs
;
ca
—
also
;
āśramān
—
orders of life
;
ca
—
also
;
yathā
—
as they are
;
saṅkhyam
—
in number
;
asṛjat
—
created
;
saha
—
along with
;
vṛttibhiḥ
—
by vocations .
Translation
Education, charity, penance and truth are said to be the four legs of religion, and to learn this there are four orders of life with different classifications of castes according to vocation. Brahmā created all these in systematic order.
Translation (Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura)
Knowledge (purity), charity (mercy), penance and truth are said to be the four legs of religion, and to learn this, there are four orders of life with different classifications of castes according to vocation. Brahmā created all these in systematic order.
Regarding purity, the Yajṣavalkya-smṛti says kṣetrajṣasyeśvara-jṣānād viśuddhiḥ paramā matā: from knowledge of the Supreme Lord arises the highest purity for the jīva. Thus knowledge can be equated with purity. Charity can be equated with mercy since it is said bhūtābhaya-pradānasya kalāṁ nārhati ṣoḍaśīm: those engaging in pious acts do not achieve one sixteenth of the results of the person who bestows (in charity) fearlessness to living beings. Thus there is no contradiction to the previous statement tapaḥ śaucaṁ dayā satyamiti pādāḥ kṛte kṛtāḥ: In Satya-yuga you had complete dharma of four portions with four elements: austerity, cleanliness, mercy and truth. (SB 1.17.24)
Purport
The nucleus of the four social orders —
brahmacarya,
or student life,
gṛhastha,
or householder family life,
vānaprastha,
or retired life for practicing penance, and
sannyāsa,
or renounced life for preaching the truth — is the four legs of religion. The vocational divisions are the
brāhmaṇas,
or the intelligent class, the
kṣatriyas,
or administrative class, the
vaiśyas,
or mercantile productive class, and the
śūdras,
or general laborer class who have no specific qualifications. All were systematically planned and created by Brahmā for the regular promotion of self-realization. Student life is meant for acquiring the best education; household family life is meant for gratifying the senses, provided it is performed with a charitable disposition of mind; retirement from household life is meant for penance, for advancement in spiritual life; and renounced life is meant for preaching the Absolute Truth to the people in general. The combined actions of all members of society make the whole situation favorable for the upliftment of the mission of human life. The beginning of this social institution is based on education meant for purifying the animal propensities of the human being. The highest purificatory process is knowledge of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the purest of the pure.